Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo on cornea / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To observe the toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)on cornea by constructing intoxicated model in vivo and in vitro.METHODS:Human corneal epithelial cells(HCEpiC)were cultured in vitro and exposed to different concentrations(0.5, 5, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 250 μg/mL)of ZnO NPs for 24h. The cell culture medium without nano-solution was used as the blank control group. The viability of the cells was assessed by MTT assay. Three different concentrations(25, 50 and 100 μg/mL)of ZnONPs dispersions were exposed to the conjunctival sac of anesthetized mice three times a day for 7d consecutively. The phosphate buffered saline(PBS)eye group was the PBS control group. Corneal morphology was observed on 1, 3, 5 and 7d, and the eyes were removed on 8d for various laboratory examinations, including corneal pathological changes and expression levels of inflammatory factors(TNF-α, IL-6).RESULTS:After treatment of HCEpiC cells with different concentrations of ZnO NPs for 24h, the MTT results showed that Zno NPs cause damage to cells at 0.5 μg/mL, and the cell survival rate was about 80%(P<0.05). Half of the cells were killed at a dose of 5 μg/mL, the damaging effect on cells in the concentration range of 5～250 μg/mL was concentration-dependent(P<0.0001). After 7d of conjunctival capsule spotting in mice, dot-like staining of fluorescein was seen in the 25 μg/mL ZnO NPs and 50 μg/mL ZnO NPs groups. Localized circular fluorescein stained areas were seen in the corneas of the 100 μg/mL ZnO NPs group. HE staining showed that the corneal epithelial layer, stromal layer thickness and stromal layer immune cell number did not change significantly in the 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL ZnO NPs groups(all P>0.05), while the corneal epithelial layer thinned, the corneal stromal layer thickened and the stromal layer immune cells increased significantly in the 100 μg/mL ZnO NPs group(all P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of corneal stromal immune cells producing TNF-α and IL-6 and the mean integral optical density(IOD)values of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in the 100 μg/mL ZnO NPs group than in the PBS control group(P<0.05), and the degree of inflammation response was concentration-dependent. Compared with the PBS control group, no significant increase in immune cell count and IOD values in the 25 μg/mL ZnO NPs and 50 μg/mL ZnO NPs groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The toxic damaging effect of ZnO NPs on the cornea was confirmed from both in vitro and in vivo, which provided a theoretical basis for the ocular safety evaluation of ZnO NPs.

Study on the clinical comprehensive evaluation of blood lipid-regulating drugs in five provinces and regions in Northwest China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore standardized evaluation process for clinical comprehensive evaluation of blood lipid- regulating drugs and perform rapid assessment of clinical comprehensive evaluation of blood lipid-regulating drugs with different mechanisms so as to provide reference for the drug catalogue selection and rational drug use of medical institutions. METHODS Referring to guidelines and consensus such as the guideline for the management of comprehensive clinical evaluation of drugs， the methods such as literature research， expert interviews， and Delphi expert consultation were used to establish a multi-dimensional and multi-criteria clinical comprehensive evaluation index system and quantitative scoring table for blood lipid-regulating drugs around the two main lines of technical evaluation and policy evaluation. Then 13 blood lipid-regulating drugs with different mechanisms in 21 third-grade class-A medical institutions from five provinces and regions of Northwest China were scored from both technical and policy dimensions to form a comprehensive evaluation result. RESULTS The clinical comprehensive evaluation index system and corresponding rapid evaluation quantitative scoring table were constructed for blood lipid-regulating drugs in the five northwest provinces and regions. The technicalevaluation section included 6 primary indicators， 13 secondary indicators， and 34 tertiary indicators， totaling 110 points. The policy evaluation section included 4 primary indicators and 6 secondary indicators， with a total score of 40 points （30 points for some drugs） and a total score of 150 points （or 140 points）. The scoring results showed that the highest score was atorvastatin， followed by rosuvastatin and simvastatin. CONCLUSIONS Statins are still the cornerstone of drug therapy for patients with dyslipidemia； the rapid evaluation quantitative scoring table constructed in this study is comprehensive， systematic and operable. The evaluation process in this study can provide empirical references for other groups to exploring the standardized path and quality control mechanism of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with intra-glandular contrast injection can improve the diagnostic accuracy of central compartment lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (LCEUS) with intra-glandular injection of contrast agent for diagnosis of central compartment lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer.@*METHODS@#From November, 2020 to May, 2022, the patients suspected of having thyroid cancer and scheduled for biopsy at our center received both conventional ultrasound and LCEUS examinations of the central compartment lymph nodes before surgery. All the patients underwent surgical dissection of the lymph nodes. The perfusion features in LCEUS were classified as homogeneous enhancement, heterogeneous enhancement, regular/irregular ring, and non-enhancement. With pathological results as the gold standard, we compared the diagnostic ability of conventional ultrasound and LCEUS for identifying metastasis in the central compartment lymph nodes.@*RESULTS@#Forty-nine patients with 60 lymph nodes were included in the final analysis. Pathological examination reported metastasis in 34 of the lymph nodes, and 26 were benign lymph nodes. With ultrasound findings of heterogeneous enhancement, irregular ring and non-enhancement as the criteria for malignant lesions, LCEUS had a diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 97.06%, 92.31% and 95% for diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes, respectively, demonstrating its better performance than conventional ultrasound (P < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that LCEUS had a significantly greater area under the curve than conventional ultrasound for diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes (94.7% [0.856-0.988] vs 78.2% [0.656-0.878], P=0.003).@*CONCLUSION@#LCEUS can enhance the display and improve the diagnostic accuracy of the central compartment lymph nodes to provide important clinical evidence for making clinical decisions on treatment of thyroid cancer.

The role of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway in liver injury induced by rare earth neodymium oxide in mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the role of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in liver injury induced by neodymium oxide (Nd(2)O(3)) in mice. Methods: In March 2021, forty-eight SPF grade healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group (0.9% NaCl), low dose group (62.5 mg/ml Nd(2)O(3)), medium dose group (125.0 mg/ml Nd(2)O(3)), and high dose group (250.0 mg/ml Nd(2)O(3)), each group consisted of 12 animals. The infected groups were treated with Nd(2)O(3) suspension by non-exposed tracheal drip and were killed 35 days after dust exposure. The liver weight of each group was weighed and the organ coefficient was calculated. The content of Nd(3+) in liver tissue was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). HE staining and immunofluorescence was used to observe the changes of inflammation and nuclear entry. The mRNA expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2 and HO-1 in mice liver tissue were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of Keap1 and HO-1. The contents of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were detected by colorimetric method. The contents of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined by ELISA. The data was expressed in Mean±SD. Two-independent sample t-test was used for inter-group comparison, and one-way analysis of variance was used for multi-group comparison. Results: Compared with the control group, the liver organ coefficient of mice in medium and high dose groups were increased, and the Nd(3+) accumulation in liver of mice in all dose groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). Pathology showed that the structure of liver lobules in the high dose group was slightly disordered, the liver cells showed balloon-like lesions, the arrangement of liver cell cords was disordered, and the inflammatory exudation was obvious. Compared with the control group, the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in liver tissue of mice in all dose groups were increased, and the levels of TNF-α in liver tissue of mice in high dose group were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Keap1 in high dose group were significantly decreased, while the mRNA expression level of Nrf2, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HO-1 were significantly increased (P<0.05), and Nrf2 was successfully activated into the nucleus. Compared with the control group, the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and T-SOD in high dose group were significantly decreased (P<0.05) . Conclusion: A large amount of Nd(2)O(3) accumulates in the liver of male mice, which may lead to oxidative stress and inflammatory response through activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway. It is suggested that Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway may be one of the mechanisms of Nd(2)O(3) expose-induced liver injury in mice.

Comprehension of Chinese spoken garden path sentences for children with high-functioning autism / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the psychological and behavioral characteristics of understanding Chinese garden path sentences in children with high-functioning autism (HFA). MethodsFrom April to August, 2019, 35 children with HFA and 35 age-matched typically developing (TD) children were recruited by social recruitment method in the Key Laboratory of Speech and Hearing of East China Normal University in Shanghai. The Garden Path Sentence Comprehension Test was designed based on the psycholinguistic method, and the mental process and the ability of understanding garden path sentences were tested by the agent task experiment paradigm. Finally, the processing strategies and error types of Chinese spoken garden path sentences for HFA children were explored. ResultsThe score in understanding garden path sentences was lower (t = -2.941, P < 0.01), and the reaction time in processing garden path sentences was significantly longer (t = 6.132, P < 0.001) in HFA children than in TD children, however, there was no significant difference in the number of childern mastering garden path sentences between two groups (χ2 = 2.954, P > 0.05). In terms of the error types of "animate noun + verb + animate noun + 's + noun" (AVA) and "animate noun + verb + inanimate noun + 's + noun" (AVI) garden path sentences, both groups showed more errors in "pursuit of correct word order" than in "pursuit of semantically correct" (t > 2.503, P < 0.05). In "inanimate noun + verb + animate noun + 's + noun" (IVA) sentences, HFA children showed less erros in "pursuit of correct word order" than in "pursuit of semantically correct" (t = -6.523, P < 0.001), however, no difference was found between them in TD children (t = 2.024, P > 0.05). ConclusionThe processing and comprehension ability of Chinese spoken garden path sentences in HFA children aged five to seven yeas are poor. HFA children are more sensitive to semantics, and garden path sentences with semantic violations are more likely to lead to HFA children's understanding errors. In the garden path sentence patterns of AVA and AVI, HFA children appear similar sentence understanding and processing strategies as TD children. In the garden path of IVA, HFA children use a sentence processing strategy combining word order and semantics, but semantics play a more prominent role, while TD children use a more stable word order processing strategy.

Spatial language understanding and expression in children with autism: a study of “(go/come) to” sentence in Chinese / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the characteristics of spatial orientation language comprehension and expression behavior ofchildren with autism. MethodsA three-ladder test was designed to test the comprehension and expression of "(go/come) to" sentences, including general subject-predicate sentences, conjunctive-predicate sentences with displacement purposes, and conjunctive-predicate sentences with displacement modes. March to June, 2022, the test was conducted on 17 children with autism from a special education school and 17 healthy children matched the scores of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Chinese revised from a kindergarten. The typical errors were analyzed for children with autism. ResultsThe main effects of sentence ladders (F > 3.718, P < 0.05) and children groups (F > 8.782, P < 0.001) were significant on comprehension and expression of sentences, while the performance was poor for the complex sentences and for the children with autism. The common types of errors in expression were missing components, mixed sentences, autonomous sentences, inaccurate wording, inconsistent content, blending errors and non-response. The numbers and the distribution of error types were quite different from the children with autism to the healthy children. ConclusionChildren with autism are more difficult to understand and express "(go/come) to" sentences, mainly manifested in a higher error frequency and more kinds of error.

Pharmacokinetic effects of metformin hydrochloride, food and alcohol on Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) alkaloids / 药学学报

Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) alkaloids (SZ-A) are a group of polyhydroxy alkaloids extracted and isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine mulberry twig, which is mainly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to acting as a glycosidase inhibitor in the small intestine after oral administration, SZ-A can also be absorbed into blood and widely distributed to target organs related to diabetes, exerting multiple pharmacological effects. It is important to elucidate the possible pharmacokinetic influences of SZ-A for its clinical rational applications, such as drug interactions, the effects of food and alcohol on the absorption of SZ-A. However, studies in this area are limited. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic interactions between orally administrated SZ-A (50 mg·kg-1) and metformin hydrochloride (Met, 200 mg·kg-1) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were examined. Then, the effect of food (standard feed) on the pharmacokinetics of SZ-A was investigated using fasting administration of SZ-A (50 mg·kg-1) in rats as a control. Finally, we investigated the pharmacokinetic characteristics of SZ-A (50 mg·kg-1) in different concentrations alcohol solutions using aqueous solution of SZ-A administered to rats as a control to evaluate the effect of alcohol on the bioabsorption of SZ-A. The results showed no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between SZ-A and Met after combination treatment. The standard feed had little effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of SZ-A. Alcohol retarded the absorption of SZ-A, resulting in a significant decrease in the Cmax of SZ-A. The decrease was greater at higher alcohol concentrations; however, no significant difference was observed in the AUC0-t. These results support the clinical rational applications of SZ-A. All animal protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of Kangtai Medical Laboratory Service Hebei Co., Ltd. (Hebei, China) (No. MDL2022-01-17-1).

Intravenous Tenecteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke Within 4.5–24 Hours of Onset (ROSE-TNK): A Phase 2, Randomized, Multicenter Study / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Background@#and Purpose Intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) efficacy has not been well demonstrated in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) beyond 4.5 hours after onset. This study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous TNK for AIS within 4.5 to 24 hours of onset. @*Methods@#In this pilot trial, eligible AIS patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch were randomly allocated to intravenous TNK (0.25 mg/kg) or standard care within 4.5–24 hours of onset. The primary endpoint was excellent functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–1). The primary safety endpoint was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). @*Results@#Of the randomly assigned 80 patients, the primary endpoint occurred in 52.5% (21/40) of TNK group and 50.0% (20/40) of control group, with no significant difference (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval 0.46–2.66; P=0.82). More early neurological improvement occurred in TNK group than in control group (11 vs. 3, P=0.03), but no significant differences were found in other secondary endpoints, such as mRS 0–2 at 90 days, shift analysis of mRS at 90 days, and change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours and 7 days. There were no cases of sICH in this trial; however, asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 3 of the 40 patients (7.5%) in the TNK group. @*Conclusion@#This phase 2, randomized, multicenter study suggests that intravenous TNK within 4.5–24 hours of onset may be safe and feasible in AIS patients with a DWI-FLAIR mismatch.

Developing curriculum of speciality of education and rehabilitation using WHO rehabilitation competency framework / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo construct rehabilitation competency framework (RCF) of the speciality of education and rehabilitation (SER-RCF) based on World Health Organization RCF, to innovate the curriculum system. MethodsThe competency for undergraduate level professionals in the speciality of education and rehabilitation were analyzed to develop curriculum using RCF theory and methodology. ResultsTalent training was a kind of competency-based and outcome-based education. SER-RCF integrated the competencies and activities in the areas of professionalism, practice, learning and development, management and leadership, and research required for professional work in education and rehabilitation around core values and beliefs. It also designed the training objectives of the speciality of education and rehabilitation: to be ethical and correct, to be physically and mentally healthy, to have a solid foundation, to be sustainable, to be co-operative and enjoyable, and to be reflective and enquiring. SER-RCF played a central role in developing the curriculum system of rehabilitation, education and psychology, and practice. ConclusionReshaping the undergraduate level curriculum system of education and rehabilitation based on RCF is not only the implementation of the construction concept of new medicine and new liberal arts, but also can effectively connect with the international standard of rehabilitation higher education.

Prevalence of abnormal lung function and risk factors of small airway dysfunction in asymptomatic healthy subjects receiving physical examination / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of abnormal lung ventilation function in asymptomatic subjects receiving healthy examination and the risk factors of small airway dysfunction (SAD).Methods:From August 2016 to October 2017, the pulmonary function test results of 610 healthy subjects who met the standards of this study in Fuxing Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were analyzed. The detection rate of abnormal lung function was described; the difference of lung function was compared between smokers and non-smokers, among groups with different smoking age, between individuals with normal body mass index and obese individuals; the risk factors of SAD was investigated; and the characteristics of abnormal lung function in asymptomatic subjects receiving physical examinations were summarized.Results:Among the 610 subjects, the overall prevalence of abnormal pulmonary function was 42.6%, and the rate of obstructive, restrictive, mixed and pure SAD were 16.7% and 5.9%, 2.5% and 17.5% respectively. The prevalence of the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV 1/FVC) less than 70% was 4.6%; small airway function indicators of maximal mid expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory flow at 50% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 50% and FEF 75%) for smokers were significantly lower than that of non-smokers, and decreased progressively with smoking age. Smoking was an independent risk factor for SAD. Compared with non-smokers, smokers had a 65-fold increase in the risk of SAD. Obesity was not associated with SAD. Conclusions:The prevalence of abnormal lung function is high in asymptomatic subjects receiving healthy examination. The main abnormalities are obstructive ventilation dysfunction and SAD. Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for SAD.

Research progress on the anti-tumor effect of oridonin / 国际中医中药杂志

Oridonin is one of the main anti-tumor active ingredients of Rabdosiae Rubescentis Herba. In the development process of a variety of malignant tumors, such as liver cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, colon cancer, etc, it has a significant inhibitory effect. Oridonin plays the rold of anti-tumor effect mainly by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell invasion and migration, inducing tumor cell autophagy, reducing telomerase activity and reversing the drug resistance of the tumor cell.

Effect of miRNA-186-3p on the function of cervical cancer CaSki cells and its relationship with transforming growth factor β-Smad signaling pathway / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the effect of miRNA-186-3p (miR-186-3p) on the apoptosis, immigration and invasion of cervical cancer CaSki cells and its relationship with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-Smad signaling pathway.Methods:Plasmids containing miR-186-3p suppressor gene and miR-186-3p mimics were transfected into cervical cancer CaSki cells, namely miR-186-3p-I group and miR-186-3p-M group, respectively. In addition, CaSki cells transfected with empty plasmids were used as control (miR-186-3p-group C). Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of each group, and Transwell method was used to detect the migration and invasion ability of each group. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway related proteins. The target genes of miR-186-3p were predicted by using Starbase software and verified by using dual luciferase reporter gene assay.Results:The apoptosis rate of miR-186-3p-M group was lower than that of miR-186-3p-I group and miR-186-3p-C group [(7.5±3.2)% vs.(13.9±0.7)%, (12.7±0.6)%, all P < 0.05]. The number of migrating cells in miR-186-3p-M group [(218±25) vs. (168±13), (175±13), both P < 0.001] and the number of invasive cells in miR-186-3p-I group and miR-186-3p-C group were higher than those in miR-186-3p-I group and miR-186-3p-C group [(165±21) vs. (130±11), (142±12), all P < 0.001]. The relative expression levels of TGF-β, Smad2, Smad3, phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) and phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) in miR-186-3p-M group were the lowest, and the differences were statistically significant compared with the other two groups (all P < 0.001). Starbase software was used to predict the complementary binding of miR-186-3p to XIST RNA. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that the relative luciferase activity of cells co-transfected with XIST wild-type vector and miR-186-3p mimic plasmid was lower than that of cells co-transfected with XIST wild-type vector and miR-186-3p empty plasmid ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:miR-186-3p may directly bind to XIST RNA and down-regulate the activity of TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the immigration, apoptosis and invasion activities of cervical cancer CaSki cells.

Comparison between Ultrasonography and CT in Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The patients with PTC treated by surgery in the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were selected for analysis.All the patients underwent preoperative ultrasound and CT examinations,the diagnostic values of which for CLNM were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 322 PTC patients were enrolled in this study,including 242 with CLNM and 80 with non-CLNM.The CLNM group and non-CLNM group had significant differences in age,tumor size,and maximum size of lateral CLNM (χ2=20.34,27.34,and 4.30,respectively,all P<0.001).For the central compartment,lateral compartment,and overall compartment,ultrasound diagnosis showed higher sensitivity (χ 2=82.26,P<0.001;χ2=114.01,P<0.001;χ2=82.26,P<0.001) and accuracy (χ2=20.27,P<0.001;χ2=15.56,P<0.001;χ2=44.00,P<0.001) than CT,and had no significant differences from ultrasound combined with CT (all P>0.05).However,ultrasound diagnosis had lower specificity than CT (χ2=17.01,P<0.001;χ2=21.29,P<0.001) in the central compartment and lateral compartment.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that in the central compartment,lateral compartment,and overall compartment,ultrasound diagnosis had larger AUC than CT (Z=2.99,P=0.003;Z=3.86,P<0.001;Z=4.47,P<0.001) and had no significant difference from ultrasound combined with CT (Z=1.87,P=0.062;Z=1.68,P=0.093;Z=1.61,P=0.107). Conclusions Ultrasound and CT have their own advantages in the diagnosis of central and lateral CLNM.In general,ultrasound has better performance than CT in the diagnosis of CLNM.

Urine metabolomics study of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the urinary small molecular metabolites and their metabolic characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: High throughput ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to detect the small molecular metabolites in urine of healthy control (n=10), patients with hepatic hemangioma (n=10) and patients with HCC (n=10). The orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), hierarchical cluster analysis of multivariate analysis and univariate analysis were used to analyze the differential metabolites of the three groups. Results: The metabolic profiles of the three groups showed that the total of 381 differential metabolites were identified and divided into 96 up-regulated metabolites and 285 down-regulated metabolites. There were 55 urinary metabolites specifically related to HCC. Twenty-one of them were significantly up-regulated, including Acetyl-DL-Leucine, Ala Asp, HoPhe-Gly-OH, while 34 were significantly down-regulated, including Selenocystathionine, Met Trp Met Cys, Valsartan acid and so on. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in glutamine/glutamate metabolism, lysine biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and purine metabolism. Conclusions: The occurrence of HCC is accompanied by the abnormalities of multiple metabolites and metabolic pathways. The analysis of the characteristic metabolic profile of urine in patients with HCC is helpful to find metabolic markers and potential therapeutic targets for liver cancer.

Research progress of Notch signaling pathway in spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system disease, which will cause a series of complex pathophysiological changes and activate a variety of signaling pathways including Notch signaling. Studies have evidenced that activation of the Notch signaling pathway is not conducive to nerve repair and symptom improvement after spinal cord injury. Its mechanisms include inhibiting neuronal differentiation and axon regeneration, promoting reactive astrocyte proliferation, promoting M1 macrophage polarization and the release of proinflammatory factors, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Therefore, it has become a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit Notch signal as a target in the treatment of spinal cord injury. In recent years, some researchers have used drugs, cell transplantation or genetic modification to regulate Notch signaling, which can promote the recovery of nerve function after spinal cord injury, thereby providing new treatment strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This article will summarize the mechanism of Notch signaling pathway in spinal cord injury, and at the same time review the research progress in the treatment of spinal cord injury by modulating Notch signaling pathway in recent years, so as to provide new research ideas for further exploring new strategies for spinal cord injury.

Advances in olfactory ensheathing cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

Spinal cord injury is a highly disabled neurological disease, and there is still a lack of effective treatments. Studies have proved that olfactory ensheathing cells are one of the ideal seed cells for promoting nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells can promote axonal germination and elongation through secretion, interaction with astrocytes, regulation of inflammatory reaction, migration characteristics, myelination, anti-oxidation, lipid regulation and other channels. Thus olfactory ensheathing cells play the role of neuroprotection and nerve repair. In recent years, some studies have used bioengineering, tissue engineering, reprogramming and other technologies to enhance the efficacy of olfactoryensheathing cells from different aspects, thereby providing new therapeutic strategies for optimizing the cell therapy of spinal cord injury. This article will summarize the mechanism of olfactory ensheathing cells in repairing spinal cord injury, and review the progress of optimizing strategy of olfactory ensheathing cells in treating spinal cord injury recently, so as to provide new research ideas for the further developing the repair potential of olfactory ensheathing cells and optimize the cell therapy effect of spinal cord injury.

Correlation between Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound and Risk of Tumor Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the association between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and risk of tumor recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). Methods A total of 287 PTCs in 287 patients who underwent surgery,conventional ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)were enrolled in this study.According to 2015 American Thyroid Association(ATA)Modified Initial Risk Stratification System,the patients were categorized into three groups:low risk,intermediate risk,and high risk.The CEUS patterns of PTCs were compared between different risk stratifications. Results Hypo-enhancement was presented in 57.6% of ATA low-risk PTCs,iso-enhancement in 62.3% of ATA intermediate-risk PTCs,and hyper-enhancement in 48.2% of ATA high-risk PTCs(

Value of Trans-lymphatic Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the value of trans-lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer. Methods The patients with suspected thyroid cancer underwent conventional ultrasound and trans-lymphatic CEUS examinations before the biopsy.The differences in ultrasound and CEUS characteristics of cervical lymph nodes between the metastatic group and the non-metastatic group were compared,and pathological results were regarded as the golden standard. Results Twenty patients had thyroid cancer,including 12 cases with lymph node metastasis and 8 cases without metastasis.The diagnostic sensitivity(91.7%

Validated Nomogram Predicting Clinical Outcome after Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To establish a prediction model for the short-term efficacy of percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation(RFA)in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative and follow-up data of 159 patients with PTMC who underwent percutaneous ultrasound-guided RFA treatment in the Department of Ultrasound,the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January to December in 2018.The association with 12-month tumor status(end event)was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression model.A nomogram was built to predict the risk of tumors which did not disappear completely within 12 months after RFA. Results We found that gender(

Clinical study of UGT1A1 gene polymorphism in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after renal transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the gene mutations of UGT1A1 * 6 and UGT1A1 * 28 in patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after renal transplantation and understand their clinical significance.Methods:UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 gene fragments in blood samples of patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after renal transplantation were detected by digital fluorescent molecular hybridization sequencing.Results:A total of 21 patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after renal transplantation were examined for UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 alleles. The results showed that there were 3 UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*6 combined heterozygous mutations, 4 UGT1A1*28 gene heterozygous mutations, 2 UGT1A1*6 heterozygous mutations and 4 UGT1A1*6 homozygous mutations. Among them, the mutation rates of UGT1A1*28 gene and UGT1A1*6 gene were 33%(7/21) and 43%(9/21) respectively and the total mutation rate of both was 62%(13/21).Conclusions:UGT1A1 polymorphism is associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemiaafter renal transplantation. By detecting the sequence of UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 gene fragments in blood samples of renal transplant patients, it is helpful to clarify the etiology of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after renal transplantation to confirm the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome and rule out the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on liver function so as to guide the clinical medication of renal transplant patients.